7-8 December 2022

 

In Search of Lost Universalism
 

 

7th International Forum
30 years of Civic Education

 

 

 

Learn more
Two things are important in life – purpose and meaning; however, citizenship and public welfare simply provide the necessary conditions for them. If one thinks about this properly, a modern civic society isn't the worst place we can live our lives in, as long as the will to improve our way of life has not been extinguished.
Ralf Dahrendorf

ABOUT THE FORUM

 

In search of lost universalism is a major civic Forum which starts from the presumption that there are many cultures – but one civilisation based on human rights, freedom, the rule of law and democracy. That civilisation needs to be constantly refreshed by conscious action and projects. 

After the devastation caused by the Second World War, important new international organizations were founded, including the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the World Council of Churches, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, etc. A universal perception of justice emerged, reflected in key international documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Social Charter, and the European Convention on Human Rights. 


Citizens in Europe and around the world were empowered by this universal energy and the civic spirit became embodied in the 1955 Russell-Einstein Manifesto, which laid the foundation in 1957 for the Pugwash movement. The Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs is still active today as a forum for scientists working for peace. The Manifesto also led to the Non-Aligned Movement (1961) and to the formation in 1968 of the Club of Rome, also concerned with global problems. The same ethos underpins the Helsinki Final Act at the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1975), the signing of the Maastricht Treaty (1992), and the establishment of the Council of Europe's Commissioner for Human Rights in 1999. 


The same spirit is behind the civic Forum In search of lost universalism. Organised by the Council of Europe at the initiative of the founders of the Moscow School of Political Studies, Lena Nemirovskaya and Yury Senokossov, the Forum is supported by important European institutions and think tanks. 


The Forum brings together leading cultural figures, experts, representatives of European think tanks, and international journalists to address key democratic challenges facing Europe today and suggest ways to promote solidarity among young people to combat the current crisis.


The Forum marks the beginning of a mission: to spread the ideals of civic society, the practice of discussing and teaching them, and to promote what Jean Monnet called “a civilized state of mind”. 


The Forum is designed to rejuvenate the spirit of global civics and to support global civic education. 
We invite you to be part of that project.

PROGRAMME
Wednesday, 7 December

8.30 - 9.00        Registration

9.00 - 10.00      Opening session: 
                         Lena Nemirovskaya;
                         Michael Sohlman;
                         John Lloyd
                         Arndt Freytag von Loringhoven

10.00 - 10.30    Keynote Address by Jan Albrecht  
                             
10.30 - 11.00    Coffee-break

11.00 - 12.00    Address by Ralph Fücks
                         Followed by discussion
                         Moderator: Barbara von Ow-Freytag 

12.00 - 13.30    Lunch
                         
13.30 - 15.00    Panel I: Axial time
                         Moderator:
                         Mikhail Fishman
                         Panelists:
                         Yury Senokosov;
                         Piotr Switalski; 
                         Christopher Coker;
                         Barbara von Ow-Freytag

15.00 - 15.30    Coffee break

15.30 - 17.00    Panel II: Universalism, Interdependence, Deglobalization
                         Moderator:
                         Bobo Lo
                         Panelists:
                         Despina Syrri
                         Vasily Zharkov;
                         Robert Skidelsky;
                         Sylvie Kauffmann
                         
17.00 - 17.30   Coffee break

17.30 - 18.15   Panel III: We, The People
                         Moderator:
                         Inna Berezkina
                         Panelists:
                         Andreas Bummel;
                         Yury Senokosov

19.00                Gala Dinner

Thursday, 8 December

9.00 - 10.30      Panel IV: Universality of Human Rights
                         Moderator:
                         Walter Kaufmann 
                         Panelists:
                         Nils Muižnieks;
                         Irina Scherbakowa;
                         Elena Zhemkova;
                         Sergey Lukashevsky
                         Mikhail Savva

10.30 - 11.00    Coffee break

11.00 - 12.30    Panel V: Journalism vs. Tyranny
                         Moderator:
                         Kirill Martynov
                         Panelists:
                         Andrey Soldatov;
                         Irina Borogan;
                         Daniel Broessler;
                         Pilar Bonet;
                         Natalie Nougayrède

12.30 - 14.00    Lunch

14.00 - 14.30    Key Address by Dominique Moisi 

14.30 - 16.00    Panel VI: Universalism vs. Relativism
                         Moderator:
                         Mikhail Minakov
                         Panelists:
                         Michael Mertes;
                         Sergey Lagodinsky;
                         Diana Pinto;
                         Shelby Coffey;
                         Ekaterina Schulmann

16.00 - 16.30    Coffee break

16.30 - 17.30    Voices of the School I
                         Anti-War Projects by School’s Alumni
                         Moderator:
                         Agnieszka Kaniewska

17.30 - 18.00    Coffee break

18.00 - 19.00    Voices of the School II
                         30 Years of Civic Education                          
                         Panelists:
                         Cathrine Lalumière;
                         Jack Hanning;
                         Sonja Licht;
                         Armaz Akhvlediani;
                         Armen Zakharyan

19.00 - 19.30    Address by Klaus Mertes 

19.30 - 20.00    Closing Remarks:
                         Yury Senokosov;
                         Lena Nemirovskaya

20.30                Dinner at the hotel


 



Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-imposed nonage. Nonage is the inability to use one's own understanding without another's guidance. This nonage is self-imposed if its cause lies not in lack of understanding but in indecision and lack of courage to use one's own mind without another's guidance. Sapere aude! "Have the courage to use your own understanding", is therefore the motto of the enlightenment.
Immanuel Kant "What Is Enlightenment?"
EXPERTS
Lena Nemirovskaya
Russia

Founder, Moscow School of Civic Education; Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire; Officer of the French National Order of Merit; Officer of the Medal Bene Merito of the Republic of Poland; Chevalier of the Order of Merit of the Republic of France

Yury Senokosov
Russia

Founder and Director of publishing programs, Moscow School of Civic Education. Worked for the Main Library of Social Sciences, Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Questions of Philosophy magazine, published a series of books under the title From the history of Russian philosophical thought. Editor-in-chief to Obschaya Tetrad quarterly journal.

Hakan Altinay
Turkey

President of the Global Civics Academy, author of the book Global Civics. Responsibilities and Rights in an Interdependent World, Director of the European School of Politics in Istanbul.

Alexander Arkhangelsky
Russia

Cultural commentator, Observer; Novelist; Journalist; TV-anchor; Tenured Professor and Member of the Academic Council at the Higher School of Economy in Moscow

Thomas Bagger
Germany

Diplomatic Adviser, Office of the Federal President of Germany

Guri Bang
Norway

Research Director, Center for International Climate Research (CICERO)

Torbjorn Becker
Sweden

Director, Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics

Laila Bokhari
Norway

Diplomat; Politician & Academic; Board Member, Human Rights House Foundation; Former Deputy Minister/State Secretary, Office of the Norwegian Foreign Minister and Office of the Prime Minister of Norway

Pilar Bonet
Spain

Correspondent, El País

Irina Borogan
Russia

Investigative Journalist, Author, Co-founder and Editor of the Agentura.Ru web site; Author of books (with Andrey Soldatov) New patriot games. How secret services have been changing their skin, PSI Handbook of Global Security and Intelligence: National Approaches, The New Nobility: The Restoration of Russia's Security State and the Enduring Legacy of the KGB, The Red Web: The Struggle Between Russia's Digital Dictators and the New Online Revolutionaries

Ian Buruma
USA

Writer; Editor; Contributor, Project Syndicate

Christopher Coker
United Kingdom

Director, IDEAS Department of International Relations, London School of Economics; Author of books The Future of War: The Re-Enchantment of War in the Twenty-First Century, Humane Warfare, Twilight Of The West, and many others

Lolita Čigāne
Latvia

International Consultant & Domestic Political Activist, Expert, OSCE/ODIHR

Daniel Dettling
Germany

CEO, Berlinpolis Politik fur morgen

Atje Drexler
Germany

Head of Department of International Relations Europe and its Neighbours, Robert Bosch Stiftung

Konstantin von Eggert
Russia

Columnist, Deutsche Welle

Nikolay Epple
Russia

Memorial Culture Researcher

Fredrik Erixon
Sweden

Columnist, Deutsche Welle

Mikhail Fishman
Russia

Journalist, Author, Producer, the film The Man Who Was Too Free (2016)

Floriana Fossato
United Kingdom

Journalist; Media critic; Researcher, University College London

Alvaro Gil-Robles
Spain

President, Foundation Valsaín, Commissioner for Human Rights of Council of Europe (1999 to 2006)

Thomas Gomart
France

Director, French Institute of International Relations (IFRI)

Matjaž Gruden
Council of Europe

Director of Political Planning, Council of Europe

Olga Gulina
Germany

Director and Founder, Institute on Migration Policy

Sergei Guriev
Russia

Economist; Professor of Economics, Instituts d’Etudes Politiques (Sciences Po), Paris

Jack Hanning
Council of Europe

Secretary - General of the European Association of Schools of Political Studies

Dr. Lars Hänsel
Germany

Head of Department Europe/North America of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation

Vladislav Inozemtsev
Russia

Economist, political writer, director at the Centre for Post-Industrial Studies, author of books The lost decade and many others

Thorbjørn Jagland
Council of Europe

Secretary General, Council of Europe

Vytis Jurkonis
Lithuania

Lecturer, Institute of International Relations and Political Science, Vilnius University

Riina Kaljurand
Estonia

Policy Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia

Sylvie Kauffmann
France

Journalist, Editorial Director, Le Monde

Ivan Krastev
Bulgaria

Chairman, Centre for Liberal Strategies, Sofia; Permanent fellow, IWM Institute of Human Sciences, Vienna, Author of books Democracy Disrupted: The Politics of Global Protest, In Mistrust We Trust: Can Democracy Survive When We Don’t Trust Our Leaders?, The Anti-American Century, and many others

Sergei Lagodinsky
Germany

Head of the EU/North America Department, Heinrich Böll Foundation in Berlin

Catherine Lalumière
France

Secretary General, Council of Europe (1989 to 1994); Member, European Parliament (1994–2004); President, Association of the Schools of Political Studies of the Council of Europe

Norbert Lammert
Germany

Chairman, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung

Sonja Licht
Serbia

Founder and president, Belgrade Fund for Political Excellence

Kadri Liik
Estonia

Senior Policy Fellow, European Council on Foreign Relations

John Lloyd
United Kingdom

Contributing Editor, The Financial Times

Bobo Lo
United Kingdom

Independent analyst, Associate Fellow with IFRI, Non-Resident Fellow with the Lowy Institute

Ambassador Fredrik Löjdquist
Sweden

Department for European Security Policy, Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Stefan Melle
Germany

Director, German-Russian Exchange

Michael Mertes
Germany

Political Advisor to Chancellor Helmut Kohl (1987 - 1998), Author of books In Search of Germany, German Questions – European Answers, and others

Anatoly Mikhailov
Lithuania

President, European Humanities University

Mikhail Minakov
Ukraine

Senior Fellow, Kennan Institute; Editor-in-Chief, Kennan Focus Ukraine ; Editor-in-Chief, Ideology and Politics Journal; Editor-in-Chief , Koine 

Nils Muižnieks
Council of Europe

Human Rights Activist, Political Scientist, Commissioner for Human Rights at the Council of Europe (2012–2018); President, Association of the Schools of Political Studies of the Council of Europe

Natalie Nougayrède
United Kingdom

Editorial Board Member and Columnist, The Guardian

René Nyberg
Finland

Head of the East Office of Finnish Industries; Ambassador of Finland to Russia (2000–2004)

Ambassador Francis M. O’Donnell
Ireland

Life Member, Institute of International and European Affairs; former SMOM (Sovereign Military Order of Malta) Ambassador and UN Representative (ret.)

Indra Øverland
Norway

Head, Energy Programme, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI); Research Professor, University of Nordland

Emil Pain
Russia

Director general, Center of Ethno-Political and Regional Research

Elena Panfilova
Russia

Chairperson, Centre for Anti-Corruption Research and Initiative Transparency International, the Russian chapter of Transparency International; Director, Transparency International

Quentin Peel
United Kingdom

Long time editor and correspondent at The Financial Times, Mercator Senior Fellow, Europe Programme, Chatham House

Nikolay Petrov
Russia

Political Analyst; Director, Centre for Political and Geographical Studies; Co-author of books Russia in 2020: Scenarios for the Future, Between Dictatorship and Democracy: Russian Post-Communist Political Reform, The State of Russia: What Comes Next?

Ruprecht Polenz
Germany

Member of German Bundestag; Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (2005 to 2013)

Marco Politi
Italy

Author, Vatican Analyst

Diana Pinto
France

Historian, writer, author of the book Between two worlds

Dr. Hans-Gert Pöttering
Germany

President, European Parliament (2007– 2009), Chairman, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung

Pernille Rieker
Norway

Research Professor, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs

Kirill Rogov
Russia

Political Analyst Scientist; Academic Secretary, Member of the Editorial Committee, The New Model of Economic Growth Group; Columnist at Vedomisti daily business newspaper, Novaya Gazeta, RBC, Suddeutsche Zeitung and The Financial Times

Jesper Roine
Sweden

Associate Professor, Stockholm School of Economics

Yuri Romanenkov
Latvia

Executive Vice President, Development and Business Administration; Faculty Member, the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga

Jacek Rostowski
Poland

Economist, Politician, Academic, Former Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland

Irina Scherbakova
Russia

Head of the Educational Programs of the International Society Memorial

Jutta Scherrer
Germany-France

Historian, author, professor of Russian History at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales

Lev Schlossberg
Russia

Chairman of the Pskov regional branch, Member of the Federal Political Committee of the Political Party Yabloko; Deputy, Pskov Regional Assembly; Human Rights Activist

Lord Robert Skidelsky
United Kingdom

MP; Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick; Author of the Biography of John Maynard Keynes; Member of the British Academy

Daniel Smilov
Bulgaria

Programme Director, Centre for Liberal Strategies, Sofia

Michael Sohlman
Sweden

Chairman, Swedish Institute for Foreign Policy; Member, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Executive director, Nobel Foundation (1992 to 2011)

Andrey Soldatov
Russia

Investigative Journalist; Russian Secret Service Expert; Co-Founder and Editor of the Agentura.Ru web site; Author of books (with Irina Borogan) New patriot games. How secret services have been changing their skin, PSI Handbook of Global Security and Intelligence: National Approaches, The New Nobility: The Restoration of Russia's Security State and the Enduring Legacy of the KGB, The Red Web: The Struggle Between Russia's Digital Dictators and the New Online Revolutionaries

Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Germany

Minister for Foreign Affairs

Despina Syrri
Greece

Director, Civic School of Political Studies, Tessaloniki

Andrzej Szeptycki
Poland

Associate Professor, Section of European Integration, Institute of international relations, University of Warsaw

Yulia Taratuta
Russia

Editor–in–Chief, Wonderzine

Sylke Tempel (1963 – 2017)
Germany

Editor in chief, Internationale Politik

Maxim Trudolyubov
Russia

Author and Chief Editor, The Russia File, Kennan Institute; Columnist, The New York Times

Barbara von Ow-Freytag
Germany

Advisor on International Relations, Advocacy and Media, Prague Civil Society Centre

Rüdiger von Fritsch
Germany

Ambassador of Germany to the Russian Federation

Dr. Gerhard Wahlers
Germany

Deputy Secretary-General and Head, the European and International Cooperation Department of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation

Vasily Zharkov
Russia

Program Director, Head of the International Politics Master’s Program, The Moscow School of Social and Economic Studies

Elena Zhemkova
Russia

Executive Director, Memorial human rights and humanitarian society

VENUE
 
 
ARCHIVE
 
Opening session: Lena Nemirovskaya
Address by Catherine Lalumièrre
 
 
Address by John Lloyd
Address by Thomas Bagger
 
 
Address by Dr. Gerhard Wahlers
 
Panel: Media and Politics
Riina Kaljurand, Sylvie Kauffmann, Pilar Bonet, Natalie Nougayrède,
Kadri Liik
Moderator: Bobo Lo
Panel: Economy and Global Space
Torbjörn Becker, Fredrik Erixon, Yuri Romanenkov
Moderator: Mikhail Fishman
 
 
Panel: Why Do We Need Global European Space?
Bobo Lo, Mikhail Minakov, Vytis Jurkonis, Michael Sohlman,
Pernille Rieker
Moderator: Mikhail Fishman
Message of the forum
Yury Senokosov, Marco Politi
 
 
 
Closing remarks
Jack Hanning, Lena Nemirovskaya
 

PRESS AREA

IN SEARCH OF LOST ENLIGHTENMENT

Par: Sylvie Kauffmann|LE MONDE | 31.10.2015 à 10h58 • Mis à jour le 31.10.2015 à 10h59

It is no longer the East versus the West. It is no longer the North versus the South. The cleavage, which fractures Europe today, contraposes universalism and self-isolation. History, the end of which American political scientist Francis Fukuyama, inebriated by the end of the Cold War, announced some twenty years ago, has since then restarted. Universalism is again in danger: the Russians tell you that — and they know full well what they are talking about.

To communicate this message to their European friends these particular Russians had to leave their country. The Germans – them again ! – have extended them welcome. It is the Russians, in a sudden turn of events, who are imploring the West not to give up on the heritage of the Enlightenment.

This episode, so revealing of a somewhat disoriented Europe, has unfolded this week in Berlin, at the premises of Robert Bosch Foundation. In the spirit of philanthropy and political non-engagement the Foundation hosted, for two days, a seminar of the Moscow School of Civic Education. Why Berlin and not Moscow? To understand this one has to retrace the time to 1992, to the kitchen of a Moscow apartment.

In Russia many ideas were born exactly in these small rooms where people tried to evade the omnipresent state by gathering around a kitchen table and debating without end. Towards the end of the Soviet era the kitchen of well-established Moscow intellectuals Lena Nemirovskaya and Yuri Senokossov swarmed with people. Today Lena, an art historian, and her husband Yuri, who is a philosopher, lament that the new Russian elites are utterly devoid of democratic culture. While the Russian state, heir to the USSR, is ill-suited to disseminate it.

Thus developed the idea of an NGO whose purpose it was to organize seminars in the interest of young decision makers, to familiarize them with the basics of a liberal society. Or, to offer « enlightened civic education to the civil society », said Lena Nemirovskaya. Moscow School of Political Studies saw the light of day in 1993, under President Yeltsin. To date some 20 000 young professionals from Russia's regions have passed through its seminars.


FOREIGN AGENTS

Financing arrived from those who believed in the usefulness of the mission: the indispensable George Soros, the oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovski (before he was thrown into prison), then the Council of Europe, of which Russia at the time was not yet a member. Many European governments have also shown generosity to the project. It ended in 2012, when President Putin demanded that all NGOs receiving financing from abroad be registered as « foreign agents ». In December of 2014 the School of Political Studies, renamed by the time into the Moscow School of Civic Education, fell into the list of « foreign agents ».

Operating in Russia under such conditions became rather difficult; most foreign NGOs have folded. However the Moscow School served as a model; starting from 2005, under the guidance of the Council of Europe a network of some twenty kindred Schools of political studies has emerged, from Belarus in the North to Tunisia in the South.

Lena Nemirovskaya resolved to stay firm in her mission of civic education of the Russians. And so with the aid of the Council of Europe, and institutions like the Bosch Foundation, the Institute of Humanities of Vienna or the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs the school has continued with its assemblies abroad. In Tbilisi, in Berlin, in Oxford... The students, necessarily, are less numerous. But the school still keeps up the flame.

DEMONS OF THE 20th CENTURY

The paradox today is that this flame may also weaken outside of the post-Soviet space: it wavers exactly in those liberal democracies, which inspired the Moscow School twenty years ago. Thus the ideas of Enlightenment acquire sudden urgency. In Berlin all participants without exception, from East and West, North and South expressed the same concern.

Frank-Walter Steinmeier, the German foreign minister who walked from his neighbourhood office to open the conference, talked of optimism, albeit in the past tense: the optimism « we were full of » twenty years ago, which has survived « the horror of the Balkan wars », but is no longer the order of the day. « Today the European order is put in question », the chief of German diplomacy expressed his concern. « More than a political crisis, annexation of the Crimea is a violation of international law and dangerous precedent. »

Catherine Lalumière, former Secretary General of the Council of Europe posited the retreat of « the humanist philosophy » in the face of « gradual, surreptitious emergence of a different political philosophy ». The spirit of openness, which lay basis for the European project, is menaced by « the spirit of secretiveness, isolationism, egotism and absence of solidarity ».

A Russian participant expressed the idea that the standoff is no longer between two systems of values, but « between a system of values and absence of values ». It is between politicians who accept the rules and those who reject the rules, whichever the country. Another participant said he did not understand how the EU, a community of 500 million people, could possibly fail to accomodate 1 million refugees. A French public figure seemed to echo this in two days, expressing an anxiety for Europe, where « Germany that wished, in an act of generosity, to wash off the XXth century is trapped again by the demons of the XXth century ».

« I do not believe the world is as gloomy as you describe, mused ironically Solomon Guinzbourg, a local Russian MP: I think it is far worse. » It is a world that menaces « to put us back into our kitchens, thirty years later », added a Ukrainian university professor, Mikhail Minakov.

SYLVIE KAUFFMANN
Journaliste au Monde
EN BUSCA DE LA EUROPA PERDIDA
              

Por: Pilar Bonet | 05.11.2015

La Escuela de Estudios Políticos de Moscú (EEPM) ha comenzado una nueva etapa en Berlín.
Fundada en 1992 por la historiadora de arte Lena Nemiróvskaya, y su esposo, el filósofo Yuri Senokósov, la escuela fue una ampliación de la cocina de la pareja, escenario de animados debates entre interlocutores de muy diversas culturas y procedencias. La fórmula de la EEPM ha sido adoptada por 21 instituciones que integran la Asociación de Escuelas de Estudios Políticos del Consejo de Europa. Hay escuelas en Ucrania, Bielorrusia, Grecia, Serbia, Croacia, Turquía e incluso Marruecos y Túnez, entre otros países, pero las fisuras crecientes en la gran Europa amenazan los vínculos entre ellas. De ahí que "la búsqueda del universalismo perdido" (como oposición a los retornos a las tribus) fuera el lema el seminario celebrado en Berlín el 28 y el 29 de octubre en la sede de la fundación Robert Bosch con la participación de más de 160 personas procedentes de Rusia y de otros países europeos.

Desde 1992 la EEPM ha promovido la sociedad civil y el espíritu crítico, y ha sido un foro de diálogo entre políticos e intelectuales extranjeros y rusos. Por los seminarios que se celebraban Rusia y en el extranjero han pasado centenares de jóvenes de los Estados de la ex URSS, muchos de los cuales llegaron a puestos de gran responsabilidad.

Financiada sobre todo por becas occidentales y filántropos como George Soros, la escuela fue obligada a identificarse "agente extranjero" de acuerdo con la nueva legislación para Organizaciones no Gubernamentales aprobada en 2012. La etiqueta "agente extranjero", que evoca el vocabulario de la época estalinista, es asociada con espionaje o actividades hostiles por el ciudadano de a pie en Rusia. Atendiendo a las recomendaciones disuasivas de los servicios de seguridad, las élites de provincias, que antes acogían con curiosidad e interés a la EEPM, pasaron a temer el contacto con la escuela y con sus expertos internacionales, a menudo reconocidas autoridades académicas, como por ejemplo Robert Skydelsky el biógrafo de Jon Manard Keynes.

Sin empresarios rusos que se atrevan a financiarla y reacia a aceptar la etiqueta de "agente extranjero", la EEPM clausuró en diciembre de 2014 sus actividades en Rusia, pero mantiene sus seminarios en el extranjero. El desafío con el que se enfrenta hoy es el de constituirse en uno de los pilares de esa necesaria "red de seguridad" cuya misión es asegurar el flujo de contactos e ideas en el interior de la gran Europa, ahora que ésta se ve sacudida por diversas crisis, que en conjunto abocan a una gran crisis global. En la UE, el rechazo a los refugiados crea un conflicto entre los intereses y los valores proclamados por el Consejo de Europa. En Rusia, los dirigentes justifican el autoritarismo y la trasgresión de las reglas con construcciones artificiales y arcaicas. La amenaza en ambas partes es el "otro", lo que en Rusia significa las ideas que socavan el orden político y, en la UE, los emigrantes que socavan el orden económico y social.

"El encuentro es muy oportuno" porque "el mundo está atravesando una época de gran turbulencia y naciones enteras al igual que individuos están a menudo desorientados e incluso Europa parece estar perdiendo sus puntos de referencia, sus valores", dijo en Berlín Catherine Lalumière, ex secretaria general del Consejo de Europa y presidenta de la Asociación de Escuelas de Estudios Políticos. Según Lalumière, el concepto de derechos humanos se ve torpedeado por el autoritarismo, el materialismo y el ultra nacionalismo, pese a ser un valor protegido por la ley e incorporado en las instituciones creadas después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

En su intervención, el Ministro de Exteriores de Alemania, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, comparó la situación actual con la época en la que fue fundada la EEPM, tras la caída del muro de Berlín y el fin de la Guerra Fría, cuando imperaba el optimismo sobre una Europa unida y libre pese a la guerra de los Balcanes. Quiso el ministro marcar un corte entre un antes y un después. "La "anexión de Crimea fue más que una crisis política, fue una trasgresión de la ley internacional y un precedente", dijo el jefe de la diplomacia alemana, quien, acto seguido, invitó a ir "más allá del monólogo recriminatorio" para poner las bases "que ayudarán a los políticos a negociar soluciones".

El politólogo búlgaro Iván Krastev llamó la atención sobre el cambio de perspectiva, desde la época en que la apertura y los contactos se vivían como positivos y el problema era como formalizar la globalización, y la actualidad, cuando el problema es cómo manejar la reacción negativa a la globalización. Los modelos cosmopolitas son percibidos como amenaza y no como oportunidad, señaló. Por su parte, Sonja Licht, de Serbia, dijo que la desigualdad en el mundo es mayor que nunca como resultado de las prácticas neoliberales que marginan los valores como la solidaridad. Las instituciones y los Estados carecen de estrategias sobre temas como los refugiados y el cambio climático, por lo cual la única respuesta es involucrar a los ciudadanos en una idea global de la ciudadanía, afirmó Licht. El problema, reconoció, es como pasar del "ciudadano ilustrado" a la "acción mediante la política".

A diferencia del Estado soviético, Rusia no se ofrece al mundo como un modelo alternativo, sino que entiende el poder de gran potencia como un poder "para transgredir las normas", afirmó Mijaíl Fishman, comentarista del canal de televisión ruso Dozhd. El líder ruso Vladímir Putin aspira a formar parte de una "troika de los transgresores de normas" junto con EEUU y China, opinó Bobo Lo, de Chatham House, en Londres. Según Lo, Putin está decidido a promover los intereses rusos por todos los medios y donde quiera que sea necesario. El escritor Alexandr Arjángelski quiso distinguir entre la Rusia política, que recurre al pasado para afirmarse, y la cultura rusa, que es europea y que está viva al margen del Estado, también en otros países de Europa. Mijaíl Minakov, de la Academia Kiev-Mogiliansk de Ucrania, insistió en que sólo la verdad permite luchar contra la propaganda, a lo que el politólogo ruso Andréi Kolésnikov, contestó que únicamente un lector muy preparado puede "encontrar la verdad en el ruido informativo". Nikolái Petrov, experto en regiones de la Escuela Superior de Economía de Moscú, abogó por la estrategia de las "pequeñas cosas" para construir una carcasa de sociedad civil.

El foro de Berlín fue una apuesta por la apertura y la educación para la ciudadanía. "Ha sido una iniciativa para lanzar un debate sobre el futuro, para repensar donde estamos y no solo lamentar la universalidad perdida", dijo Licht. Mientras los intelectuales debatían entre ellos en la capital alemana, en el continente continuaba la construcción de nuevos muros y a las barreras físicas se les unían nuevas fragmentaciones, la última el cese de las comunicaciones aéreas entre Ucrania y Rusia, una medida que multiplica la duración de trayecto entre los dos vecinos, pero sobre todo la distancia psicológica entre ellos.
           
We don't receive wisdom; we must discover it for ourselves after a journey that no one can take for us or spare us.
Marcel Proust
CONTACT
Get in touch and stay informed
forum.universalism@gmail.com